http.h

Go to the documentation of this file.

#ifndef _IPXE_HTTP_H
#define _IPXE_HTTP_H

/** @file
 *
 * Hyper Text Transport Protocol
 *
 */

FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );

#include <stdint.h>
#include <ipxe/refcnt.h>
#include <ipxe/interface.h>
#include <ipxe/iobuf.h>
#include <ipxe/process.h>
#include <ipxe/retry.h>
#include <ipxe/linebuf.h>
#include <ipxe/pool.h>
#include <ipxe/tables.h>
#include <ipxe/ntlm.h>

struct http_transaction;
struct http_connection;

/******************************************************************************
 *
 * HTTP URI schemes
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 */

/** HTTP default port */
#define HTTP_PORT 80

/** HTTPS default port */
#define HTTPS_PORT 443

/** An HTTP URI scheme */
struct http_scheme {
        /** Scheme name (e.g. "http" or "https") */
        const char *name;
        /** Default port */
        unsigned int port;
        /** Transport-layer filter (if any)
         *
         * @v conn              HTTP connection
         * @ret rc              Return status code
         */
        int ( * filter ) ( struct http_connection *conn );
};

/** HTTP scheme table */
#define HTTP_SCHEMES __table ( struct http_scheme, "http_schemes" )

/** Declare an HTTP scheme */
#define __http_scheme __table_entry ( HTTP_SCHEMES, 01 )

/******************************************************************************
 *
 * Connections
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 */

/** An HTTP connection
 *
 * This represents a potentially reusable connection to an HTTP
 * server.
 */
struct http_connection {
        /** Reference count */
        struct refcnt refcnt;
        /** Connection URI
         *
         * This encapsulates the server (and protocol) used for the
         * connection.  This may be the origin server or a proxy
         * server.
         */
        struct uri *uri;
        /** HTTP scheme */
        struct http_scheme *scheme;
        /** Transport layer interface */
        struct interface socket;
        /** Data transfer interface */
        struct interface xfer;
        /** Pooled connection */
        struct pooled_connection pool;
};

/******************************************************************************
 *
 * HTTP methods
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 */

/** An HTTP method */
struct http_method {
        /** Method name (e.g. "GET" or "POST") */
        const char *name;
};

extern struct http_method http_head;
extern struct http_method http_get;
extern struct http_method http_post;

/******************************************************************************
 *
 * Requests
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 */

/** HTTP Digest authentication client nonce count
 *
 * We choose to generate a new client nonce each time.
 */
#define HTTP_DIGEST_NC "00000001"

/** HTTP Digest authentication client nonce length
 *
 * We choose to use a 32-bit hex client nonce.
 */
#define HTTP_DIGEST_CNONCE_LEN 8

/** HTTP Digest authentication response length
 *
 * The Digest authentication response is a Base16-encoded 16-byte MD5
 * checksum.
 */
#define HTTP_DIGEST_RESPONSE_LEN 32

/** HTTP request range descriptor */
struct http_request_range {
        /** Range start */
        size_t start;
        /** Range length, or zero for no range request */
        size_t len;
};

/** HTTP request content descriptor */
struct http_request_content {
        /** Content type (if any) */
        const char *type;
        /** Content data (if any) */
        const void *data;
        /** Content length */
        size_t len;
};

/** HTTP request Basic authentication descriptor */
struct http_request_auth_basic {
        /** Username */
        const char *username;
        /** Password */
        const char *password;
};

/** HTTP request Digest authentication descriptor */
struct http_request_auth_digest {
        /** Username */
        const char *username;
        /** Quality of protection */
        const char *qop;
        /** Algorithm */
        const char *algorithm;
        /** Client nonce */
        char cnonce[ HTTP_DIGEST_CNONCE_LEN + 1 /* NUL */ ];
        /** Response */
        char response[ HTTP_DIGEST_RESPONSE_LEN + 1 /* NUL */ ];
};

/** HTTP request NTLM authentication descriptor */
struct http_request_auth_ntlm {
        /** Username */
        const char *username;
        /** LAN Manager response */
        struct ntlm_lm_response lm;
        /** NT response */
        struct ntlm_nt_response nt;
        /** Authenticate message length */
        size_t len;
};

/** HTTP request authentication descriptor */
struct http_request_auth {
        /** Authentication scheme (if any) */
        struct http_authentication *auth;
        /** Per-scheme information */
        union {
                /** Basic authentication descriptor */
                struct http_request_auth_basic basic;
                /** Digest authentication descriptor */
                struct http_request_auth_digest digest;
                /** NTLM authentication descriptor */
                struct http_request_auth_ntlm ntlm;
        };
};

/** An HTTP request
 *
 * This represents a single request to be sent to a server, including
 * the values required to construct all headers.
 *
 * Pointers within this structure must point to storage which is
 * guaranteed to remain valid for the lifetime of the containing HTTP
 * transaction.
 */
struct http_request {
        /** Method */
        struct http_method *method;
        /** Request URI string */
        const char *uri;
        /** Server host name */
        const char *host;
        /** Range descriptor */
        struct http_request_range range;
        /** Content descriptor */
        struct http_request_content content;
        /** Authentication descriptor */
        struct http_request_auth auth;
};

/** An HTTP request header */
struct http_request_header {
        /** Header name (e.g. "User-Agent") */
        const char *name;
        /** Construct remaining header line
         *
         * @v http              HTTP transaction
         * @v buf               Buffer
         * @v len               Length of buffer
         * @ret len             Header length if present, or negative error
         */
        int ( * format ) ( struct http_transaction *http, char *buf,
                           size_t len );
};

/** HTTP request header table */
#define HTTP_REQUEST_HEADERS \
        __table ( struct http_request_header, "http_request_headers" )

/** Declare an HTTP request header */
#define __http_request_header __table_entry ( HTTP_REQUEST_HEADERS, 01 )

/******************************************************************************
 *
 * Responses
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 */

/** HTTP response transfer descriptor */
struct http_response_transfer {
        /** Transfer encoding */
        struct http_transfer_encoding *encoding;
};

/** HTTP response content descriptor */
struct http_response_content {
        /** Content length (may be zero) */
        size_t len;
        /** Content encoding */
        struct http_content_encoding *encoding;
};

/** HTTP response Basic authorization descriptor */
struct http_response_auth_basic {
};

/** HTTP response Digest authorization descriptor */
struct http_response_auth_digest {
        /** Realm */
        const char *realm;
        /** Quality of protection */
        const char *qop;
        /** Algorithm */
        const char *algorithm;
        /** Nonce */
        const char *nonce;
        /** Opaque */
        const char *opaque;
};

/** HTTP response NTLM authorization descriptor */
struct http_response_auth_ntlm {
        /** Challenge message */
        struct ntlm_challenge *challenge;
        /** Challenge information */
        struct ntlm_challenge_info info;
};

/** HTTP response authorization descriptor */
struct http_response_auth {
        /** Authentication scheme (if any) */
        struct http_authentication *auth;
        /** Per-scheme information */
        union {
                /** Basic authorization descriptor */
                struct http_response_auth_basic basic;
                /** Digest authorization descriptor */
                struct http_response_auth_digest digest;
                /** NTLM authorization descriptor */
                struct http_response_auth_ntlm ntlm;
        };
};

/** An HTTP response
 *
 * This represents a single response received from the server,
 * including all values parsed from headers.
 *
 * Pointers within this structure may point into the raw response
 * buffer, and so should be invalidated when the response buffer is
 * modified or discarded.
 */
struct http_response {
        /** Raw response header lines
         *
         * This is the raw response data received from the server, up
         * to and including the terminating empty line.  String
         * pointers within the response may point into this data
         * buffer; NUL terminators will be added (overwriting the
         * original terminating characters) as needed.
         */
        struct line_buffer headers;
        /** Status code
         *
         * This is the raw HTTP numeric status code (e.g. 404).
         */
        unsigned int status;
        /** Return status code
         *
         * This is the iPXE return status code corresponding to the
         * HTTP status code (e.g. -ENOENT).
         */
        int rc;
        /** Redirection location */
        const char *location;
        /** Transfer descriptor */
        struct http_response_transfer transfer;
        /** Content descriptor */
        struct http_response_content content;
        /** Authorization descriptor */
        struct http_response_auth auth;
        /** Retry delay (in seconds) */
        unsigned int retry_after;
        /** Flags */
        unsigned int flags;
};

/** HTTP response flags */
enum http_response_flags {
        /** Keep connection alive after close */
        HTTP_RESPONSE_KEEPALIVE = 0x0001,
        /** Content length specified */
        HTTP_RESPONSE_CONTENT_LEN = 0x0002,
        /** Transaction may be retried on failure */
        HTTP_RESPONSE_RETRY = 0x0004,
};

/** An HTTP response header */
struct http_response_header {
        /** Header name (e.g. "Transfer-Encoding") */
        const char *name;
        /** Parse header line
         *
         * @v http              HTTP transaction
         * @v line              Remaining header line
         * @ret rc              Return status code
         */
        int ( * parse ) ( struct http_transaction *http, char *line );
};

/** HTTP response header table */
#define HTTP_RESPONSE_HEADERS \
        __table ( struct http_response_header, "http_response_headers" )

/** Declare an HTTP response header */
#define __http_response_header __table_entry ( HTTP_RESPONSE_HEADERS, 01 )

/******************************************************************************
 *
 * Transactions
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 */

/** HTTP transaction state */
struct http_state {
        /** Transmit data
         *
         * @v http              HTTP transaction
         * @ret rc              Return status code
         */
        int ( * tx ) ( struct http_transaction *http );
        /** Receive data
         *
         * @v http              HTTP transaction
         * @v iobuf             I/O buffer (may be claimed)
         * @ret rc              Return status code
         */
        int ( * rx ) ( struct http_transaction *http,
                       struct io_buffer **iobuf );
        /** Server connection closed
         *
         * @v http              HTTP transaction
         * @v rc                Reason for close
         */
        void ( * close ) ( struct http_transaction *http, int rc );
};

/** An HTTP transaction */
struct http_transaction {
        /** Reference count */
        struct refcnt refcnt;
        /** Data transfer interface */
        struct interface xfer;
        /** Content-decoded interface */
        struct interface content;
        /** Transfer-decoded interface */
        struct interface transfer;
        /** Server connection */
        struct interface conn;
        /** Transmit process */
        struct process process;
        /** Reconnection timer */
        struct retry_timer timer;

        /** Request URI */
        struct uri *uri;
        /** Request */
        struct http_request request;
        /** Response */
        struct http_response response;
        /** Temporary line buffer */
        struct line_buffer linebuf;

        /** Transaction state */
        struct http_state *state;
        /** Accumulated transfer-decoded length */
        size_t len;
        /** Chunk length remaining */
        size_t remaining;
};

/******************************************************************************
 *
 * Transfer encoding
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 */

/** An HTTP transfer encoding */
struct http_transfer_encoding {
        /** Name */
        const char *name;
        /** Initialise transfer encoding
         *
         * @v http              HTTP transaction
         * @ret rc              Return status code
         */
        int ( * init ) ( struct http_transaction *http );
        /** Receive data state */
        struct http_state state;
};

/** HTTP transfer encoding table */
#define HTTP_TRANSFER_ENCODINGS \
        __table ( struct http_transfer_encoding, "http_transfer_encodings" )

/** Declare an HTTP transfer encoding */
#define __http_transfer_encoding __table_entry ( HTTP_TRANSFER_ENCODINGS, 01 )

/******************************************************************************
 *
 * Content encoding
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 */

/** An HTTP content encoding */
struct http_content_encoding {
        /** Name */
        const char *name;
        /** Check if content encoding is supported for this request
         *
         * @v http              HTTP transaction
         * @ret supported       Content encoding is supported for this request
         */
        int ( * supported ) ( struct http_transaction *http );
        /** Initialise content encoding
         *
         * @v http              HTTP transaction
         * @ret rc              Return status code
         */
        int ( * init ) ( struct http_transaction *http );
};

/** HTTP content encoding table */
#define HTTP_CONTENT_ENCODINGS \
        __table ( struct http_content_encoding, "http_content_encodings" )

/** Declare an HTTP content encoding */
#define __http_content_encoding __table_entry ( HTTP_CONTENT_ENCODINGS, 01 )

/******************************************************************************
 *
 * Authentication
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 */

/** An HTTP authentication scheme */
struct http_authentication {
        /** Name (e.g. "Digest") */
        const char *name;
        /** Parse remaining "WWW-Authenticate" header line
         *
         * @v http              HTTP transaction
         * @v line              Remaining header line
         * @ret rc              Return status code
         */
        int ( * parse ) ( struct http_transaction *http, char *line );
        /** Perform authentication
         *
         * @v http              HTTP transaction
         * @ret rc              Return status code
         */
        int ( * authenticate ) ( struct http_transaction *http );
        /** Construct remaining "Authorization" header line
         *
         * @v http              HTTP transaction
         * @v buf               Buffer
         * @v len               Length of buffer
         * @ret len             Header length if present, or negative error
         */
        int ( * format ) ( struct http_transaction *http, char *buf,
                           size_t len );
};

/** HTTP authentication scheme table */
#define HTTP_AUTHENTICATIONS \
        __table ( struct http_authentication, "http_authentications" )

/** Declare an HTTP authentication scheme */
#define __http_authentication __table_entry ( HTTP_AUTHENTICATIONS, 01 )

/******************************************************************************
 *
 * General
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 */

extern char * http_token ( char **line, char **value );
extern int http_connect ( struct interface *xfer, struct uri *uri );
extern int http_open ( struct interface *xfer, struct http_method *method,
                       struct uri *uri, struct http_request_range *range,
                       struct http_request_content *content );
extern int http_open_uri ( struct interface *xfer, struct uri *uri );

#endif /* _IPXE_HTTP_H */