efi_entropy.c

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/*
 * Copyright (C) 2015 Michael Brown <mbrown@fensystems.co.uk>.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
 * License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
 * 02110-1301, USA.
 *
 * You can also choose to distribute this program under the terms of
 * the Unmodified Binary Distribution Licence (as given in the file
 * COPYING.UBDL), provided that you have satisfied its requirements.
 */

FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );

#include <errno.h>
#include <ipxe/entropy.h>
#include <ipxe/crc32.h>
#include <ipxe/profile.h>
#include <ipxe/efi/efi.h>
#include <ipxe/efi/Protocol/Rng.h>

/** @file
 *
 * EFI entropy source
 *
 */

/** Random number generator protocol */
static EFI_RNG_PROTOCOL *efirng;
EFI_REQUEST_PROTOCOL ( EFI_RNG_PROTOCOL, &efirng );

/** Minimum number of bytes to request from RNG
 *
 * The UEFI spec states (for no apparently good reason) that "When a
 * Deterministic Random Bit Generator (DRBG) is used on the output of
 * a (raw) entropy source, its security level must be at least 256
 * bits."  The EDK2 codebase (mis)interprets this to mean that the
 * call to GetRNG() should fail if given a buffer less than 32 bytes.
 *
 * Incidentally, nothing in the EFI RNG protocol provides any way to
 * report the actual amount of entropy returned by GetRNG().
 */
#define EFI_ENTROPY_RNG_LEN 32

/** Time (in 100ns units) to delay waiting for timer tick
 *
 * In theory, UEFI allows us to specify a trigger time of zero to
 * simply wait for the next timer tick.  In practice, specifying zero
 * seems to often return immediately, which produces almost no
 * entropy.  Specify a delay of 1000ns to try to force an existent
 * delay.
 */
#define EFI_ENTROPY_TRIGGER_TIME 10

/** Event used to wait for timer tick */
static EFI_EVENT tick;

/**
 * Enable entropy gathering
 *
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int efi_entropy_enable ( void ) {
        EFI_BOOT_SERVICES *bs = efi_systab->BootServices;
        EFI_STATUS efirc;
        int rc;

        DBGC ( &tick, "ENTROPY %s RNG protocol\n",
               ( efirng ? "has" : "has no" ) );

        /* Drop to TPL_APPLICATION to allow timer tick event to take place */
        bs->RestoreTPL ( TPL_APPLICATION );

        /* Create timer tick event */
        if ( ( efirc = bs->CreateEvent ( EVT_TIMER, TPL_NOTIFY, NULL, NULL,
                                         &tick ) ) != 0 ) {
                rc = -EEFI ( efirc );
                DBGC ( &tick, "ENTROPY could not create event: %s\n",
                       strerror ( rc ) );
                return rc;
        }

        return 0;
}

/**
 * Disable entropy gathering
 *
 */
static void efi_entropy_disable ( void ) {
        EFI_BOOT_SERVICES *bs = efi_systab->BootServices;

        /* Close timer tick event */
        bs->CloseEvent ( tick );

        /* Return to TPL_CALLBACK */
        bs->RaiseTPL ( TPL_CALLBACK );
}

/**
 * Wait for a timer tick
 *
 * @ret low             CPU profiling low-order bits, or negative error
 */
static int efi_entropy_tick ( void ) {
        EFI_BOOT_SERVICES *bs = efi_systab->BootServices;
        UINTN index;
        uint16_t low;
        EFI_STATUS efirc;
        int rc;

        /* Wait for next timer tick */
        if ( ( efirc = bs->SetTimer ( tick, TimerRelative,
                                      EFI_ENTROPY_TRIGGER_TIME ) ) != 0 ) {
                rc = -EEFI ( efirc );
                DBGC ( &tick, "ENTROPY could not set timer: %s\n",
                       strerror ( rc ) );
                return rc;
        }
        if ( ( efirc = bs->WaitForEvent ( 1, &tick, &index ) ) != 0 ) {
                rc = -EEFI ( efirc );
                DBGC ( &tick, "ENTROPY could not wait for timer tick: %s\n",
                       strerror ( rc ) );
                return rc;
        }

        /* Get current CPU profiling timestamp low-order bits */
        low = profile_timestamp();

        return low;
}

/**
 * Get noise sample from timer ticks
 *
 * @ret noise           Noise sample
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int efi_get_noise_ticks ( noise_sample_t *noise ) {
        int before;
        int after;
        int rc;

        /* Wait for a timer tick */
        before = efi_entropy_tick();
        if ( before < 0 ) {
                rc = before;
                return rc;
        }

        /* Wait for another timer tick */
        after = efi_entropy_tick();
        if ( after < 0 ) {
                rc = after;
                return rc;
        }

        /* Use TSC delta as noise sample */
        *noise = ( after - before );

        return 0;
}

/**
 * Get noise sample from RNG protocol
 *
 * @ret noise           Noise sample
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int efi_get_noise_rng ( noise_sample_t *noise ) {
        static uint8_t prev[EFI_ENTROPY_RNG_LEN];
        uint8_t buf[EFI_ENTROPY_RNG_LEN];
        EFI_STATUS efirc;
        int rc;

        /* Fail if we have no EFI RNG protocol */
        if ( ! efirng )
                return -ENOTSUP;

        /* Get the minimum allowed number of random bytes */
        if ( ( efirc = efirng->GetRNG ( efirng, NULL, EFI_ENTROPY_RNG_LEN,
                                        buf ) ) != 0 ) {
                rc = -EEFI ( efirc );
                DBGC ( &tick, "ENTROPY could not read from RNG: %s\n",
                       strerror ( rc ) );
                return rc;
        }

        /* Fail (and permanently disable the EFI RNG) if we get
         * consecutive identical results.
         */
        if ( memcmp ( buf, prev, sizeof ( buf ) ) == 0 ) {
                DBGC ( &tick, "ENTROPY detected broken EFI RNG:\n" );
                DBGC_HDA ( &tick, 0, buf, sizeof ( buf ) );
                efirng = NULL;
                return -EIO;
        }
        memcpy ( prev, buf, sizeof ( prev ) );

        /* Reduce random bytes to a single noise sample.  This seems
         * like overkill, but we have no way of knowing how much
         * entropy is actually present in the bytes returned by the
         * RNG protocol.
         */
        *noise = crc32_le ( 0, buf, sizeof ( buf ) );

        return 0;
}

/**
 * Get noise sample
 *
 * @ret noise           Noise sample
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int efi_get_noise ( noise_sample_t *noise ) {
        int rc;

        /* Try RNG first, falling back to timer ticks */
        if ( ( ( rc = efi_get_noise_rng ( noise ) ) != 0 ) &&
             ( ( rc = efi_get_noise_ticks ( noise ) ) != 0 ) )
                return rc;

        return 0;
}

PROVIDE_ENTROPY_INLINE ( efi, min_entropy_per_sample );
PROVIDE_ENTROPY ( efi, entropy_enable, efi_entropy_enable );
PROVIDE_ENTROPY ( efi, entropy_disable, efi_entropy_disable );
PROVIDE_ENTROPY ( efi, get_noise, efi_get_noise );