iscsi.c

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/*
 * Copyright (C) 2006 Michael Brown <mbrown@fensystems.co.uk>.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
 * License, or any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
 * 02110-1301, USA.
 *
 * You can also choose to distribute this program under the terms of
 * the Unmodified Binary Distribution Licence (as given in the file
 * COPYING.UBDL), provided that you have satisfied its requirements.
 */
 
FILE_LICENCE ( GPL2_OR_LATER_OR_UBDL );
FILE_SECBOOT ( PERMITTED );
 
#include <stddef.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <byteswap.h>
#include <ipxe/vsprintf.h>
#include <ipxe/socket.h>
#include <ipxe/iobuf.h>
#include <ipxe/uri.h>
#include <ipxe/xfer.h>
#include <ipxe/open.h>
#include <ipxe/scsi.h>
#include <ipxe/process.h>
#include <ipxe/tcpip.h>
#include <ipxe/settings.h>
#include <ipxe/features.h>
#include <ipxe/base16.h>
#include <ipxe/base64.h>
#include <ipxe/ibft.h>
#include <ipxe/blockdev.h>
#include <ipxe/efi/efi_path.h>
#include <ipxe/iscsi.h>
 
/** @file
 *
 * iSCSI protocol
 *
 */
 
FEATURE ( FEATURE_PROTOCOL, "iSCSI", DHCP_EB_FEATURE_ISCSI, 1 );
 
/* Disambiguate the various error causes */
#define EACCES_INCORRECT_TARGET_USERNAME \
        __einfo_error ( EINFO_EACCES_INCORRECT_TARGET_USERNAME )
#define EINFO_EACCES_INCORRECT_TARGET_USERNAME \
        __einfo_uniqify ( EINFO_EACCES, 0x01, "Incorrect target username" )
#define EACCES_INCORRECT_TARGET_PASSWORD \
        __einfo_error ( EINFO_EACCES_INCORRECT_TARGET_PASSWORD )
#define EINFO_EACCES_INCORRECT_TARGET_PASSWORD \
        __einfo_uniqify ( EINFO_EACCES, 0x02, "Incorrect target password" )
#define EINVAL_ROOT_PATH_TOO_SHORT \
        __einfo_error ( EINFO_EINVAL_ROOT_PATH_TOO_SHORT )
#define EINFO_EINVAL_ROOT_PATH_TOO_SHORT \
        __einfo_uniqify ( EINFO_EINVAL, 0x01, "Root path too short" )
#define EINVAL_BAD_CREDENTIAL_MIX \
        __einfo_error ( EINFO_EINVAL_BAD_CREDENTIAL_MIX )
#define EINFO_EINVAL_BAD_CREDENTIAL_MIX \
        __einfo_uniqify ( EINFO_EINVAL, 0x02, "Bad credential mix" )
#define EINVAL_NO_ROOT_PATH \
        __einfo_error ( EINFO_EINVAL_NO_ROOT_PATH )
#define EINFO_EINVAL_NO_ROOT_PATH \
        __einfo_uniqify ( EINFO_EINVAL, 0x03, "No root path" )
#define EINVAL_NO_TARGET_IQN \
        __einfo_error ( EINFO_EINVAL_NO_TARGET_IQN )
#define EINFO_EINVAL_NO_TARGET_IQN \
        __einfo_uniqify ( EINFO_EINVAL, 0x04, "No target IQN" )
#define EINVAL_NO_INITIATOR_IQN \
        __einfo_error ( EINFO_EINVAL_NO_INITIATOR_IQN )
#define EINFO_EINVAL_NO_INITIATOR_IQN \
        __einfo_uniqify ( EINFO_EINVAL, 0x05, "No initiator IQN" )
#define EINVAL_MAXBURSTLENGTH                           \
        __einfo_error ( EINFO_EINVAL_MAXBURSTLENGTH )
#define EINFO_EINVAL_MAXBURSTLENGTH \
        __einfo_uniqify ( EINFO_EINVAL, 0x06, "Invalid MaxBurstLength" )
#define EIO_TARGET_UNAVAILABLE \
        __einfo_error ( EINFO_EIO_TARGET_UNAVAILABLE )
#define EINFO_EIO_TARGET_UNAVAILABLE \
        __einfo_uniqify ( EINFO_EIO, 0x01, "Target not currently operational" )
#define EIO_TARGET_NO_RESOURCES \
        __einfo_error ( EINFO_EIO_TARGET_NO_RESOURCES )
#define EINFO_EIO_TARGET_NO_RESOURCES \
        __einfo_uniqify ( EINFO_EIO, 0x02, "Target out of resources" )
#define ENOTSUP_INITIATOR_STATUS \
        __einfo_error ( EINFO_ENOTSUP_INITIATOR_STATUS )
#define EINFO_ENOTSUP_INITIATOR_STATUS \
        __einfo_uniqify ( EINFO_ENOTSUP, 0x01, "Unsupported initiator status" )
#define ENOTSUP_OPCODE \
        __einfo_error ( EINFO_ENOTSUP_OPCODE )
#define EINFO_ENOTSUP_OPCODE \
        __einfo_uniqify ( EINFO_ENOTSUP, 0x02, "Unsupported opcode" )
#define ENOTSUP_DISCOVERY \
        __einfo_error ( EINFO_ENOTSUP_DISCOVERY )
#define EINFO_ENOTSUP_DISCOVERY \
        __einfo_uniqify ( EINFO_ENOTSUP, 0x03, "Discovery not supported" )
#define ENOTSUP_TARGET_STATUS \
        __einfo_error ( EINFO_ENOTSUP_TARGET_STATUS )
#define EINFO_ENOTSUP_TARGET_STATUS \
        __einfo_uniqify ( EINFO_ENOTSUP, 0x04, "Unsupported target status" )
#define EPERM_INITIATOR_AUTHENTICATION \
        __einfo_error ( EINFO_EPERM_INITIATOR_AUTHENTICATION )
#define EINFO_EPERM_INITIATOR_AUTHENTICATION \
        __einfo_uniqify ( EINFO_EPERM, 0x01, "Initiator authentication failed" )
#define EPERM_INITIATOR_AUTHORISATION \
        __einfo_error ( EINFO_EPERM_INITIATOR_AUTHORISATION )
#define EINFO_EPERM_INITIATOR_AUTHORISATION \
        __einfo_uniqify ( EINFO_EPERM, 0x02, "Initiator not authorised" )
#define EPROTO_INVALID_CHAP_ALGORITHM \
        __einfo_error ( EINFO_EPROTO_INVALID_CHAP_ALGORITHM )
#define EINFO_EPROTO_INVALID_CHAP_ALGORITHM \
        __einfo_uniqify ( EINFO_EPROTO, 0x01, "Invalid CHAP algorithm" )
#define EPROTO_INVALID_CHAP_IDENTIFIER \
        __einfo_error ( EINFO_EPROTO_INVALID_CHAP_IDENTIFIER )
#define EINFO_EPROTO_INVALID_CHAP_IDENTIFIER \
        __einfo_uniqify ( EINFO_EPROTO, 0x02, "Invalid CHAP identifier" )
#define EPROTO_INVALID_LARGE_BINARY \
        __einfo_error ( EINFO_EPROTO_INVALID_LARGE_BINARY )
#define EINFO_EPROTO_INVALID_LARGE_BINARY \
        __einfo_uniqify ( EINFO_EPROTO, 0x03, "Invalid large binary value" )
#define EPROTO_INVALID_CHAP_RESPONSE \
        __einfo_error ( EINFO_EPROTO_INVALID_CHAP_RESPONSE )
#define EINFO_EPROTO_INVALID_CHAP_RESPONSE \
        __einfo_uniqify ( EINFO_EPROTO, 0x04, "Invalid CHAP response" )
#define EPROTO_INVALID_KEY_VALUE_PAIR \
        __einfo_error ( EINFO_EPROTO_INVALID_KEY_VALUE_PAIR )
#define EINFO_EPROTO_INVALID_KEY_VALUE_PAIR \
        __einfo_uniqify ( EINFO_EPROTO, 0x05, "Invalid key/value pair" )
#define EPROTO_VALUE_REJECTED \
        __einfo_error ( EINFO_EPROTO_VALUE_REJECTED )
#define EINFO_EPROTO_VALUE_REJECTED                                     \
        __einfo_uniqify ( EINFO_EPROTO, 0x06, "Parameter rejected" )
 
static void iscsi_start_tx ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi );
static void iscsi_start_login ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi );
static void iscsi_start_data_out ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                                   unsigned int datasn );
 
/**
 * Finish receiving PDU data into buffer
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 */
static void iscsi_rx_buffered_data_done ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi ) {
        free ( iscsi->rx_buffer );
        iscsi->rx_buffer = NULL;
}
 
/**
 * Receive PDU data into buffer
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v data              Data to receive
 * @v len               Length of data
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 *
 * This can be used when the RX PDU type handler wishes to buffer up
 * all received data and process the PDU as a single unit.  The caller
 * is repsonsible for calling iscsi_rx_buffered_data_done() after
 * processing the data.
 */
static int iscsi_rx_buffered_data ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                                    const void *data, size_t len ) {
 
        /* Allocate buffer on first call */
        if ( ! iscsi->rx_buffer ) {
                iscsi->rx_buffer = malloc ( iscsi->rx_len );
                if ( ! iscsi->rx_buffer )
                        return -ENOMEM;
        }
 
        /* Copy data to buffer */
        assert ( ( iscsi->rx_offset + len ) <= iscsi->rx_len );
        memcpy ( ( iscsi->rx_buffer + iscsi->rx_offset ), data, len );
 
        return 0;
}
 
/**
 * Free iSCSI session
 *
 * @v refcnt            Reference counter
 */
static void iscsi_free ( struct refcnt *refcnt ) {
        struct iscsi_session *iscsi =
                container_of ( refcnt, struct iscsi_session, refcnt );
 
        free ( iscsi->initiator_iqn );
        free ( iscsi->target_address );
        free ( iscsi->target_iqn );
        free ( iscsi->initiator_username );
        free ( iscsi->initiator_password );
        free ( iscsi->target_username );
        free ( iscsi->target_password );
        chap_finish ( &iscsi->chap );
        iscsi_rx_buffered_data_done ( iscsi );
        free ( iscsi->command );
        free ( iscsi );
}
 
/**
 * Shut down iSCSI interface
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v rc                Reason for close
 */
static void iscsi_close ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi, int rc ) {
 
        /* A TCP graceful close is still an error from our point of view */
        if ( rc == 0 )
                rc = -ECONNRESET;
 
        DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p closed: %s\n", iscsi, strerror ( rc ) );
 
        /* Stop transmission process */
        process_del ( &iscsi->process );
 
        /* Shut down interfaces */
        intfs_shutdown ( rc, &iscsi->socket, &iscsi->control, &iscsi->data,
                         NULL );
}
 
/**
 * Assign new iSCSI initiator task tag
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 */
static void iscsi_new_itt ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi ) {
        static uint16_t itt_idx;
 
        iscsi->itt = ( ISCSI_TAG_MAGIC | (++itt_idx) );
}
 
/**
 * Open iSCSI transport-layer connection
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_open_connection ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi ) {
        struct sockaddr_tcpip target;
        int rc;
 
        assert ( iscsi->tx_state == ISCSI_TX_IDLE );
        assert ( iscsi->rx_state == ISCSI_RX_BHS );
        assert ( iscsi->rx_offset == 0 );
 
        /* Open socket */
        memset ( &target, 0, sizeof ( target ) );
        target.st_port = htons ( iscsi->target_port );
        if ( ( rc = xfer_open_named_socket ( &iscsi->socket, SOCK_STREAM,
                                             ( struct sockaddr * ) &target,
                                             iscsi->target_address,
                                             NULL ) ) != 0 ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p could not open socket: %s\n",
                       iscsi, strerror ( rc ) );
                return rc;
        }
 
        /* Enter security negotiation phase */
        iscsi->status = ( ISCSI_STATUS_SECURITY_NEGOTIATION_PHASE |
                          ISCSI_STATUS_STRINGS_SECURITY );
        if ( iscsi->target_username )
                iscsi->status |= ISCSI_STATUS_AUTH_REVERSE_REQUIRED;
 
        /* Assign new ISID */
        iscsi->isid_iana_qual = ( random() & 0xffff );
 
        /* Assign fresh initiator task tag */
        iscsi_new_itt ( iscsi );
 
        /* Set default operational parameters */
        iscsi->max_burst_len = ISCSI_MAX_BURST_LEN;
 
        /* Initiate login */
        iscsi_start_login ( iscsi );
 
        return 0;
}
 
/**
 * Close iSCSI transport-layer connection
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v rc                Reason for close
 *
 * Closes the transport-layer connection and resets the session state
 * ready to attempt a fresh login.
 */
static void iscsi_close_connection ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi, int rc ) {
 
        /* Close all data transfer interfaces */
        intf_restart ( &iscsi->socket, rc );
 
        /* Clear connection status */
        iscsi->status = 0;
 
        /* Reset TX and RX state machines */
        iscsi->tx_state = ISCSI_TX_IDLE;
        iscsi->rx_state = ISCSI_RX_BHS;
        iscsi->rx_offset = 0;
 
        /* Free any temporary dynamically allocated memory */
        chap_finish ( &iscsi->chap );
        iscsi_rx_buffered_data_done ( iscsi );
}
 
/**
 * Mark iSCSI SCSI operation as complete
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v rc                Return status code
 * @v rsp               SCSI response, if any
 *
 * Note that iscsi_scsi_done() will not close the connection, and must
 * therefore be called only when the internal state machines are in an
 * appropriate state, otherwise bad things may happen on the next call
 * to iscsi_scsi_command().  The general rule is to call
 * iscsi_scsi_done() only at the end of receiving a PDU; at this point
 * the TX and RX engines should both be idle.
 */
static void iscsi_scsi_done ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi, int rc,
                              struct scsi_rsp *rsp ) {
        uint32_t itt = iscsi->itt;
 
        assert ( iscsi->tx_state == ISCSI_TX_IDLE );
 
        /* Clear command */
        free ( iscsi->command );
        iscsi->command = NULL;
 
        /* Send SCSI response, if any */
        if ( rsp )
                scsi_response ( &iscsi->data, rsp );
 
        /* Close SCSI command, if this is still the same command.  (It
         * is possible that the command interface has already been
         * closed as a result of the SCSI response we sent.)
         */
        if ( iscsi->itt == itt )
                intf_restart ( &iscsi->data, rc );
}
 
/****************************************************************************
 *
 * iSCSI SCSI command issuing
 *
 */
 
/**
 * Build iSCSI SCSI command BHS
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 *
 * We don't currently support bidirectional commands (i.e. with both
 * Data-In and Data-Out segments); these would require providing code
 * to generate an AHS, and there doesn't seem to be any need for it at
 * the moment.
 */
static void iscsi_start_command ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi ) {
        struct iscsi_bhs_scsi_command *command = &iscsi->tx_bhs.scsi_command;
 
        assert ( ! ( iscsi->command->data_in && iscsi->command->data_out ) );
 
        /* Construct BHS and initiate transmission */
        iscsi_start_tx ( iscsi );
        command->opcode = ISCSI_OPCODE_SCSI_COMMAND;
        command->flags = ( ISCSI_FLAG_FINAL |
                           ISCSI_COMMAND_ATTR_SIMPLE );
        if ( iscsi->command->data_in )
                command->flags |= ISCSI_COMMAND_FLAG_READ;
        if ( iscsi->command->data_out )
                command->flags |= ISCSI_COMMAND_FLAG_WRITE;
        /* lengths left as zero */
        memcpy ( &command->lun, &iscsi->command->lun,
                 sizeof ( command->lun ) );
        command->itt = htonl ( iscsi->itt );
        command->exp_len = htonl ( iscsi->command->data_in_len |
                                   iscsi->command->data_out_len );
        command->cmdsn = htonl ( iscsi->cmdsn );
        command->expstatsn = htonl ( iscsi->statsn + 1 );
        memcpy ( &command->cdb, &iscsi->command->cdb, sizeof ( command->cdb ));
        DBGC2 ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p start " SCSI_CDB_FORMAT " %s %#zx\n",
                iscsi, SCSI_CDB_DATA ( command->cdb ),
                ( iscsi->command->data_in ? "in" : "out" ),
                ( iscsi->command->data_in ?
                  iscsi->command->data_in_len :
                  iscsi->command->data_out_len ) );
}
 
/**
 * Receive data segment of an iSCSI SCSI response PDU
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v data              Received data
 * @v len               Length of received data
 * @v remaining         Data remaining after this data
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_rx_scsi_response ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                                    const void *data, size_t len,
                                    size_t remaining ) {
        struct iscsi_bhs_scsi_response *response
                = &iscsi->rx_bhs.scsi_response;
        struct scsi_rsp rsp;
        uint32_t residual_count;
        size_t data_len;
        int rc;
 
        /* Buffer up the PDU data */
        if ( ( rc = iscsi_rx_buffered_data ( iscsi, data, len ) ) != 0 ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p could not buffer SCSI response: %s\n",
                       iscsi, strerror ( rc ) );
                return rc;
        }
        if ( remaining )
                return 0;
 
        /* Parse SCSI response and discard buffer */
        memset ( &rsp, 0, sizeof ( rsp ) );
        rsp.status = response->status;
        residual_count = ntohl ( response->residual_count );
        if ( response->flags & ISCSI_DATA_FLAG_OVERFLOW ) {
                rsp.overrun = residual_count;
        } else if ( response->flags & ISCSI_DATA_FLAG_UNDERFLOW ) {
                rsp.overrun = -(residual_count);
        }
        data_len = ISCSI_DATA_LEN ( response->lengths );
        if ( data_len ) {
                scsi_parse_sense ( ( iscsi->rx_buffer + 2 ), ( data_len - 2 ),
                                   &rsp.sense );
        }
        iscsi_rx_buffered_data_done ( iscsi );
 
        /* Check for errors */
        if ( response->response != ISCSI_RESPONSE_COMMAND_COMPLETE )
                return -EIO;
 
        /* Mark as completed */
        iscsi_scsi_done ( iscsi, 0, &rsp );
        return 0;
}
 
/**
 * Receive data segment of an iSCSI data-in PDU
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v data              Received data
 * @v len               Length of received data
 * @v remaining         Data remaining after this data
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_rx_data_in ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                              const void *data, size_t len,
                              size_t remaining ) {
        struct iscsi_bhs_data_in *data_in = &iscsi->rx_bhs.data_in;
        unsigned long offset;
 
        /* Copy data to data-in buffer */
        offset = ntohl ( data_in->offset ) + iscsi->rx_offset;
        assert ( iscsi->command != NULL );
        assert ( iscsi->command->data_in );
        assert ( ( offset + len ) <= iscsi->command->data_in_len );
        memcpy ( ( iscsi->command->data_in + offset ), data, len );
 
        /* Wait for whole SCSI response to arrive */
        if ( remaining )
                return 0;
 
        /* Mark as completed if status is present */
        if ( data_in->flags & ISCSI_DATA_FLAG_STATUS ) {
                assert ( ( offset + len ) == iscsi->command->data_in_len );
                assert ( data_in->flags & ISCSI_FLAG_FINAL );
                /* iSCSI cannot return an error status via a data-in */
                iscsi_scsi_done ( iscsi, 0, NULL );
        }
 
        return 0;
}
 
/**
 * Receive data segment of an iSCSI R2T PDU
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v data              Received data
 * @v len               Length of received data
 * @v remaining         Data remaining after this data
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_rx_r2t ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                          const void *data __unused, size_t len __unused,
                          size_t remaining __unused ) {
        struct iscsi_bhs_r2t *r2t = &iscsi->rx_bhs.r2t;
 
        /* Record transfer parameters and trigger first data-out */
        iscsi->ttt = ntohl ( r2t->ttt );
        iscsi->transfer_offset = ntohl ( r2t->offset );
        iscsi->transfer_len = ntohl ( r2t->len );
        iscsi_start_data_out ( iscsi, 0 );
 
        return 0;
}
 
/**
 * Build iSCSI data-out BHS
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v datasn            Data sequence number within the transfer
 *
 */
static void iscsi_start_data_out ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                                   unsigned int datasn ) {
        struct iscsi_bhs_data_out *data_out = &iscsi->tx_bhs.data_out;
        unsigned long offset;
        unsigned long remaining;
        unsigned long len;
 
        /* We always send 512-byte Data-Out PDUs; this removes the
         * need to worry about the target's MaxRecvDataSegmentLength.
         */
        offset = datasn * 512;
        remaining = iscsi->transfer_len - offset;
        len = remaining;
        if ( len > 512 )
                len = 512;
 
        /* Construct BHS and initiate transmission */
        iscsi_start_tx ( iscsi );
        data_out->opcode = ISCSI_OPCODE_DATA_OUT;
        if ( len == remaining )
                data_out->flags = ( ISCSI_FLAG_FINAL );
        ISCSI_SET_LENGTHS ( data_out->lengths, 0, len );
        data_out->lun = iscsi->command->lun;
        data_out->itt = htonl ( iscsi->itt );
        data_out->ttt = htonl ( iscsi->ttt );
        data_out->expstatsn = htonl ( iscsi->statsn + 1 );
        data_out->datasn = htonl ( datasn );
        data_out->offset = htonl ( iscsi->transfer_offset + offset );
        DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p start data out DataSN %#x len %#lx\n",
               iscsi, datasn, len );
}
 
/**
 * Complete iSCSI data-out PDU transmission
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 *
 */
static void iscsi_data_out_done ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi ) {
        struct iscsi_bhs_data_out *data_out = &iscsi->tx_bhs.data_out;
 
        /* If we haven't reached the end of the sequence, start
         * sending the next data-out PDU.
         */
        if ( ! ( data_out->flags & ISCSI_FLAG_FINAL ) )
                iscsi_start_data_out ( iscsi, ntohl ( data_out->datasn ) + 1 );
}
 
/**
 * Send iSCSI data-out data segment
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_tx_data_out ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi ) {
        struct iscsi_bhs_data_out *data_out = &iscsi->tx_bhs.data_out;
        struct io_buffer *iobuf;
        unsigned long offset;
        size_t len;
        size_t pad_len;
 
        offset = ntohl ( data_out->offset );
        len = ISCSI_DATA_LEN ( data_out->lengths );
        pad_len = ISCSI_DATA_PAD_LEN ( data_out->lengths );
 
        assert ( iscsi->command != NULL );
        assert ( iscsi->command->data_out );
        assert ( ( offset + len ) <= iscsi->command->data_out_len );
 
        iobuf = xfer_alloc_iob ( &iscsi->socket, ( len + pad_len ) );
        if ( ! iobuf )
                return -ENOMEM;
        
        memcpy ( iob_put ( iobuf, len ),
                 ( iscsi->command->data_out + offset ), len );
        memset ( iob_put ( iobuf, pad_len ), 0, pad_len );
 
        return xfer_deliver_iob ( &iscsi->socket, iobuf );
}
 
/**
 * Receive data segment of an iSCSI NOP-In
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v data              Received data
 * @v len               Length of received data
 * @v remaining         Data remaining after this data
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_rx_nop_in ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                             const void *data __unused, size_t len __unused,
                             size_t remaining __unused ) {
        struct iscsi_nop_in *nop_in = &iscsi->rx_bhs.nop_in;
 
        DBGC2 ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p received NOP-In\n", iscsi );
 
        /* We don't currently have the ability to respond to NOP-Ins
         * sent as ping requests, but we can happily accept NOP-Ins
         * sent merely to update CmdSN.
         */
        if ( nop_in->ttt == htonl ( ISCSI_TAG_RESERVED ) )
                return 0;
 
        /* Ignore any other NOP-Ins.  The target may eventually
         * disconnect us for failing to respond, but this minimises
         * unnecessary connection closures.
         */
        DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p received unsupported NOP-In with TTT %08x\n",
               iscsi, ntohl ( nop_in->ttt ) );
        return 0;
}
 
/****************************************************************************
 *
 * iSCSI login
 *
 */
 
/**
 * Build iSCSI login request strings
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 *
 * These are the initial set of strings sent in the first login
 * request PDU.  We want the following settings:
 *
 *     HeaderDigest=None
 *     DataDigest=None
 *     MaxConnections=1 (irrelevant; we make only one connection anyway) [4]
 *     InitialR2T=Yes [1]
 *     ImmediateData=No (irrelevant; we never send immediate data) [4]
 *     MaxRecvDataSegmentLength=8192 (default; we don't care) [3]
 *     MaxBurstLength=262144 (default; we don't care) [3]
 *     FirstBurstLength=65536 (irrelevant due to other settings) [5]
 *     DefaultTime2Wait=0 [2]
 *     DefaultTime2Retain=0 [2]
 *     MaxOutstandingR2T=1
 *     DataPDUInOrder=Yes
 *     DataSequenceInOrder=Yes
 *     ErrorRecoveryLevel=0
 *
 * [1] InitialR2T has an OR resolution function, so the target may
 * force us to use it.  We therefore simplify our logic by always
 * using it.
 *
 * [2] These ensure that we can safely start a new task once we have
 * reconnected after a failure, without having to manually tidy up
 * after the old one.
 *
 * [3] We are quite happy to use the RFC-defined default values for
 * these parameters, but some targets (notably OpenSolaris)
 * incorrectly assume a default value of zero, so we explicitly
 * specify the default values.
 *
 * [4] We are quite happy to use the RFC-defined default values for
 * these parameters, but some targets (notably a QNAP TS-639Pro) fail
 * unless they are supplied, so we explicitly specify the default
 * values.
 *
 * [5] FirstBurstLength is defined to be irrelevant since we already
 * force InitialR2T=Yes and ImmediateData=No, but some targets
 * (notably LIO as of kernel 4.11) fail unless it is specified, so we
 * explicitly specify the default value.
 */
static int iscsi_build_login_request_strings ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                                               void *data, size_t len ) {
        unsigned int used = 0;
        const char *auth_method;
 
        if ( iscsi->status & ISCSI_STATUS_STRINGS_SECURITY ) {
                /* Default to allowing no authentication */
                auth_method = "None";
                /* If we have a credential to supply, permit CHAP */
                if ( iscsi->initiator_username )
                        auth_method = "CHAP,None";
                /* If we have a credential to check, force CHAP */
                if ( iscsi->target_username )
                        auth_method = "CHAP";
                used += ssnprintf ( data + used, len - used,
                                    "InitiatorName=%s%c"
                                    "TargetName=%s%c"
                                    "SessionType=Normal%c"
                                    "AuthMethod=%s%c",
                                    iscsi->initiator_iqn, 0,
                                    iscsi->target_iqn, 0, 0,
                                    auth_method, 0 );
        }
 
        if ( iscsi->status & ISCSI_STATUS_STRINGS_CHAP_ALGORITHM ) {
                used += ssnprintf ( data + used, len - used, "CHAP_A=5%c", 0 );
        }
        
        if ( ( iscsi->status & ISCSI_STATUS_STRINGS_CHAP_RESPONSE ) ) {
                char buf[ base16_encoded_len ( iscsi->chap.response_len ) + 1 ];
                assert ( iscsi->initiator_username != NULL );
                base16_encode ( iscsi->chap.response, iscsi->chap.response_len,
                                buf, sizeof ( buf ) );
                used += ssnprintf ( data + used, len - used,
                                    "CHAP_N=%s%cCHAP_R=0x%s%c",
                                    iscsi->initiator_username, 0, buf, 0 );
        }
 
        if ( ( iscsi->status & ISCSI_STATUS_STRINGS_CHAP_CHALLENGE ) ) {
                size_t challenge_len = ( sizeof ( iscsi->chap_challenge ) - 1 );
                char buf[ base16_encoded_len ( challenge_len ) + 1 ];
                base16_encode ( ( iscsi->chap_challenge + 1 ), challenge_len,
                                buf, sizeof ( buf ) );
                used += ssnprintf ( data + used, len - used,
                                    "CHAP_I=%d%cCHAP_C=0x%s%c",
                                    iscsi->chap_challenge[0], 0, buf, 0 );
        }
 
        if ( iscsi->status & ISCSI_STATUS_STRINGS_OPERATIONAL ) {
                used += ssnprintf ( data + used, len - used,
                                    "HeaderDigest=None%c"
                                    "DataDigest=None%c"
                                    "MaxConnections=1%c"
                                    "InitialR2T=Yes%c"
                                    "ImmediateData=No%c"
                                    "MaxRecvDataSegmentLength=%d%c"
                                    "MaxBurstLength=%d%c"
                                    "FirstBurstLength=%d%c"
                                    "DefaultTime2Wait=0%c"
                                    "DefaultTime2Retain=0%c"
                                    "MaxOutstandingR2T=1%c"
                                    "DataPDUInOrder=Yes%c"
                                    "DataSequenceInOrder=Yes%c"
                                    "ErrorRecoveryLevel=0%c",
                                    0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
                                    ISCSI_MAX_RECV_DATA_SEG_LEN, 0,
                                    ISCSI_MAX_BURST_LEN, 0,
                                    ISCSI_FIRST_BURST_LEN, 0,
                                    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 );
        }
 
        return used;
}
 
/**
 * Build iSCSI login request BHS
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 */
static void iscsi_start_login ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi ) {
        struct iscsi_bhs_login_request *request = &iscsi->tx_bhs.login_request;
        int len;
 
        switch ( iscsi->status & ISCSI_LOGIN_CSG_MASK ) {
        case ISCSI_LOGIN_CSG_SECURITY_NEGOTIATION:
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p entering security negotiation\n",
                       iscsi );
                break;
        case ISCSI_LOGIN_CSG_OPERATIONAL_NEGOTIATION:
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p entering operational negotiation\n",
                       iscsi );
                break;
        default:
                assert ( 0 );
        }
 
        /* Construct BHS and initiate transmission */
        iscsi_start_tx ( iscsi );
        request->opcode = ( ISCSI_OPCODE_LOGIN_REQUEST |
                            ISCSI_FLAG_IMMEDIATE );
        request->flags = ( ( iscsi->status & ISCSI_STATUS_PHASE_MASK ) |
                           ISCSI_LOGIN_FLAG_TRANSITION );
        /* version_max and version_min left as zero */
        len = iscsi_build_login_request_strings ( iscsi, NULL, 0 );
        ISCSI_SET_LENGTHS ( request->lengths, 0, len );
        request->isid_iana_en = htonl ( ISCSI_ISID_IANA |
                                        IANA_EN_FEN_SYSTEMS );
        request->isid_iana_qual = htons ( iscsi->isid_iana_qual );
        /* tsih left as zero */
        request->itt = htonl ( iscsi->itt );
        /* cid left as zero */
        request->cmdsn = htonl ( iscsi->cmdsn );
        request->expstatsn = htonl ( iscsi->statsn + 1 );
}
 
/**
 * Complete iSCSI login request PDU transmission
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 *
 */
static void iscsi_login_request_done ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi ) {
 
        /* Clear any "strings to send" flags */
        iscsi->status &= ~ISCSI_STATUS_STRINGS_MASK;
 
        /* Free any dynamically allocated storage used for login */
        chap_finish ( &iscsi->chap );
}
 
/**
 * Transmit data segment of an iSCSI login request PDU
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 *
 * For login requests, the data segment consists of the login strings.
 */
static int iscsi_tx_login_request ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi ) {
        struct iscsi_bhs_login_request *request = &iscsi->tx_bhs.login_request;
        struct io_buffer *iobuf;
        size_t len;
        size_t pad_len;
 
        len = ISCSI_DATA_LEN ( request->lengths );
        pad_len = ISCSI_DATA_PAD_LEN ( request->lengths );
        iobuf = xfer_alloc_iob ( &iscsi->socket, ( len + pad_len ) );
        if ( ! iobuf )
                return -ENOMEM;
        iob_put ( iobuf, len );
        iscsi_build_login_request_strings ( iscsi, iobuf->data, len );
        memset ( iob_put ( iobuf, pad_len ), 0, pad_len );
 
        return xfer_deliver_iob ( &iscsi->socket, iobuf );
}
 
/**
 * Decode large binary value
 *
 * @v encoded           Encoded large binary value
 * @v raw               Raw data
 * @v len               Length of data buffer
 * @ret len             Length of raw data, or negative error
 */
static int iscsi_large_binary_decode ( const char *encoded, uint8_t *raw,
                                       size_t len ) {
 
        /* Check for initial '0x' or '0b' and decode as appropriate */
        if ( *(encoded++) == '0' ) {
                switch ( tolower ( *(encoded++) ) ) {
                case 'x' :
                        return base16_decode ( encoded, raw, len );
                case 'b' :
                        return base64_decode ( encoded, raw, len );
                }
        }
 
        return -EPROTO_INVALID_LARGE_BINARY;
}
 
/**
 * Handle iSCSI TargetAddress text value
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v value             TargetAddress value
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_handle_targetaddress_value ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                                              const char *value ) {
        char *separator;
 
        DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p will redirect to %s\n", iscsi, value );
 
        /* Replace target address */
        free ( iscsi->target_address );
        iscsi->target_address = strdup ( value );
        if ( ! iscsi->target_address )
                return -ENOMEM;
 
        /* Replace target port */
        iscsi->target_port = htons ( ISCSI_PORT );
        separator = strchr ( iscsi->target_address, ':' );
        if ( separator ) {
                *separator = '\0';
                iscsi->target_port = strtoul ( ( separator + 1 ), NULL, 0 );
        }
 
        return 0;
}
 
/**
 * Handle iSCSI AuthMethod text value
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v value             AuthMethod value
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_handle_authmethod_value ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                                           const char *value ) {
 
        /* If server requests CHAP, send the CHAP_A string */
        if ( strcmp ( value, "CHAP" ) == 0 ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p initiating CHAP authentication\n",
                       iscsi );
                iscsi->status |= ( ISCSI_STATUS_STRINGS_CHAP_ALGORITHM |
                                   ISCSI_STATUS_AUTH_FORWARD_REQUIRED );
        }
 
        return 0;
}
 
/**
 * Handle iSCSI MaxBurstLength text value
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v value             MaxBurstLength value
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_handle_maxburstlength_value ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                                               const char *value ) {
        unsigned long max_burst_len;
        char *end;
 
        /* Update maximum burst length */
        max_burst_len = strtoul ( value, &end, 0 );
        if ( *end ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p invalid MaxBurstLength \"%s\"\n",
                       iscsi, value );
                return -EINVAL_MAXBURSTLENGTH;
        }
        if ( max_burst_len < iscsi->max_burst_len )
                iscsi->max_burst_len = max_burst_len;
 
        return 0;
}
 
/**
 * Handle iSCSI CHAP_A text value
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v value             CHAP_A value
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_handle_chap_a_value ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                                       const char *value ) {
 
        /* We only ever offer "5" (i.e. MD5) as an algorithm, so if
         * the server responds with anything else it is a protocol
         * violation.
         */
        if ( strcmp ( value, "5" ) != 0 ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p got invalid CHAP algorithm \"%s\"\n",
                       iscsi, value );
                return -EPROTO_INVALID_CHAP_ALGORITHM;
        }
 
        return 0;
}
 
/**
 * Handle iSCSI CHAP_I text value
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v value             CHAP_I value
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_handle_chap_i_value ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                                       const char *value ) {
        unsigned int identifier;
        char *endp;
        int rc;
 
        /* The CHAP identifier is an integer value */
        identifier = strtoul ( value, &endp, 0 );
        if ( *endp != '\0' ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p saw invalid CHAP identifier \"%s\"\n",
                       iscsi, value );
                return -EPROTO_INVALID_CHAP_IDENTIFIER;
        }
 
        /* Prepare for CHAP with MD5 */
        chap_finish ( &iscsi->chap );
        if ( ( rc = chap_init ( &iscsi->chap, &md5_algorithm ) ) != 0 ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p could not initialise CHAP: %s\n",
                       iscsi, strerror ( rc ) );
                return rc;
        }
 
        /* Identifier and secret are the first two components of the
         * challenge.
         */
        chap_set_identifier ( &iscsi->chap, identifier );
        if ( iscsi->initiator_password ) {
                chap_update ( &iscsi->chap, iscsi->initiator_password,
                              strlen ( iscsi->initiator_password ) );
        }
 
        return 0;
}
 
/**
 * Handle iSCSI CHAP_C text value
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v value             CHAP_C value
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_handle_chap_c_value ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                                       const char *value ) {
        uint8_t *buf;
        unsigned int i;
        int len;
        int rc;
 
        /* Allocate decoding buffer */
        len = strlen ( value ); /* Decoding never expands data */
        buf = malloc ( len );
        if ( ! buf ) {
                rc = -ENOMEM;
                goto err_alloc;
        }
 
        /* Process challenge */
        len = iscsi_large_binary_decode ( value, buf, len );
        if ( len < 0 ) {
                rc = len;
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p invalid CHAP challenge \"%s\": %s\n",
                       iscsi, value, strerror ( rc ) );
                goto err_decode;
        }
        chap_update ( &iscsi->chap, buf, len );
 
        /* Build CHAP response */
        DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p sending CHAP response\n", iscsi );
        chap_respond ( &iscsi->chap );
        iscsi->status |= ISCSI_STATUS_STRINGS_CHAP_RESPONSE;
 
        /* Send CHAP challenge, if applicable */
        if ( iscsi->target_username ) {
                iscsi->status |= ISCSI_STATUS_STRINGS_CHAP_CHALLENGE;
                /* Generate CHAP challenge data */
                for ( i = 0 ; i < sizeof ( iscsi->chap_challenge ) ; i++ ) {
                        iscsi->chap_challenge[i] = random();
                }
        }
 
        /* Success */
        rc = 0;
 
 err_decode:
        free ( buf );
 err_alloc:
        return rc;
}
 
/**
 * Handle iSCSI CHAP_N text value
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v value             CHAP_N value
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_handle_chap_n_value ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                                       const char *value ) {
 
        /* The target username isn't actually involved at any point in
         * the authentication process; it merely serves to identify
         * which password the target is using to generate the CHAP
         * response.  We unnecessarily verify that the username is as
         * expected, in order to provide mildly helpful diagnostics if
         * the target is supplying the wrong username/password
         * combination.
         */
        if ( iscsi->target_username &&
             ( strcmp ( iscsi->target_username, value ) != 0 ) ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p target username \"%s\" incorrect "
                       "(wanted \"%s\")\n",
                       iscsi, value, iscsi->target_username );
                return -EACCES_INCORRECT_TARGET_USERNAME;
        }
 
        return 0;
}
 
/**
 * Handle iSCSI CHAP_R text value
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v value             CHAP_R value
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_handle_chap_r_value ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                                       const char *value ) {
        uint8_t *buf;
        int len;
        int rc;
 
        /* Generate CHAP response for verification */
        chap_finish ( &iscsi->chap );
        if ( ( rc = chap_init ( &iscsi->chap, &md5_algorithm ) ) != 0 ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p could not initialise CHAP: %s\n",
                       iscsi, strerror ( rc ) );
                goto err_chap_init;
        }
        chap_set_identifier ( &iscsi->chap, iscsi->chap_challenge[0] );
        if ( iscsi->target_password ) {
                chap_update ( &iscsi->chap, iscsi->target_password,
                              strlen ( iscsi->target_password ) );
        }
        chap_update ( &iscsi->chap, &iscsi->chap_challenge[1],
                      ( sizeof ( iscsi->chap_challenge ) - 1 ) );
        chap_respond ( &iscsi->chap );
 
        /* Allocate decoding buffer */
        len = strlen ( value ); /* Decoding never expands data */
        buf = malloc ( len );
        if ( ! buf ) {
                rc = -ENOMEM;
                goto err_alloc;
        }
 
        /* Process response */
        len = iscsi_large_binary_decode ( value, buf, len );
        if ( len < 0 ) {
                rc = len;
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p invalid CHAP response \"%s\": %s\n",
                       iscsi, value, strerror ( rc ) );
                goto err_decode;
        }
 
        /* Check CHAP response */
        if ( len != ( int ) iscsi->chap.response_len ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p invalid CHAP response length\n",
                       iscsi );
                rc = -EPROTO_INVALID_CHAP_RESPONSE;
                goto err_response_len;
        }
        if ( memcmp ( buf, iscsi->chap.response, len ) != 0 ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p incorrect CHAP response \"%s\"\n",
                       iscsi, value );
                rc = -EACCES_INCORRECT_TARGET_PASSWORD;
                goto err_response;
        }
 
        /* Mark session as authenticated */
        iscsi->status |= ISCSI_STATUS_AUTH_REVERSE_OK;
 
 err_response:
 err_response_len:
 err_decode:
        free ( buf );
 err_alloc:
 err_chap_init:
        return rc;
}
 
/** An iSCSI text string that we want to handle */
struct iscsi_string_type {
        /** String key
         *
         * This is the portion preceding the "=" sign,
         * e.g. "InitiatorName", "CHAP_A", etc.
         */
        const char *key;
        /** Handle iSCSI string value
         *
         * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
         * @v value             iSCSI string value
         * @ret rc              Return status code
         */
        int ( * handle ) ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi, const char *value );
};
 
/** iSCSI text strings that we want to handle */
static struct iscsi_string_type iscsi_string_types[] = {
        { "TargetAddress", iscsi_handle_targetaddress_value },
        { "MaxBurstLength", iscsi_handle_maxburstlength_value },
        { "AuthMethod", iscsi_handle_authmethod_value },
        { "CHAP_A", iscsi_handle_chap_a_value },
        { "CHAP_I", iscsi_handle_chap_i_value },
        { "CHAP_C", iscsi_handle_chap_c_value },
        { "CHAP_N", iscsi_handle_chap_n_value },
        { "CHAP_R", iscsi_handle_chap_r_value },
        { NULL, NULL }
};
 
/**
 * Handle iSCSI string
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v string            iSCSI string (in "key=value" format)
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_handle_string ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                                 const char *string ) {
        struct iscsi_string_type *type;
        const char *separator;
        const char *value;
        size_t key_len;
        int rc;
 
        /* Find separator */
        separator = strchr ( string, '=' );
        if ( ! separator ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p malformed string %s\n",
                       iscsi, string );
                return -EPROTO_INVALID_KEY_VALUE_PAIR;
        }
        key_len = ( separator - string );
        value = ( separator + 1 );
 
        /* Check for rejections.  Since we send only non-rejectable
         * values, any rejection is a fatal protocol error.
         */
        if ( strcmp ( value, "Reject" ) == 0 ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p rejection: %s\n", iscsi, string );
                return -EPROTO_VALUE_REJECTED;
        }
 
        /* Handle key/value pair */
        for ( type = iscsi_string_types ; type->key ; type++ ) {
                if ( strncmp ( string, type->key, key_len ) != 0 )
                        continue;
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p handling %s\n", iscsi, string );
                if ( ( rc = type->handle ( iscsi, value ) ) != 0 ) {
                        DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p could not handle %s: %s\n",
                               iscsi, string, strerror ( rc ) );
                        return rc;
                }
                return 0;
        }
        DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p ignoring %s\n", iscsi, string );
        return 0;
}
 
/**
 * Handle iSCSI strings
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v string            iSCSI string buffer
 * @v len               Length of string buffer
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_handle_strings ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                                  const char *strings, size_t len ) {
        size_t string_len;
        int rc;
 
        /* Handle each string in turn, taking care not to overrun the
         * data buffer in case of badly-terminated data.
         */
        while ( 1 ) {
                string_len = ( strnlen ( strings, len ) + 1 );
                if ( string_len > len )
                        break;
                if ( ( rc = iscsi_handle_string ( iscsi, strings ) ) != 0 )
                        return rc;
                strings += string_len;
                len -= string_len;
        }
        return 0;
}
 
/**
 * Convert iSCSI response status to return status code
 *
 * @v status_class      iSCSI status class
 * @v status_detail     iSCSI status detail
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_status_to_rc ( unsigned int status_class,
                                unsigned int status_detail ) {
        switch ( status_class ) {
        case ISCSI_STATUS_INITIATOR_ERROR :
                switch ( status_detail ) {
                case ISCSI_STATUS_INITIATOR_ERROR_AUTHENTICATION :
                        return -EPERM_INITIATOR_AUTHENTICATION;
                case ISCSI_STATUS_INITIATOR_ERROR_AUTHORISATION :
                        return -EPERM_INITIATOR_AUTHORISATION;
                case ISCSI_STATUS_INITIATOR_ERROR_NOT_FOUND :
                case ISCSI_STATUS_INITIATOR_ERROR_REMOVED :
                        return -ENODEV;
                default :
                        return -ENOTSUP_INITIATOR_STATUS;
                }
        case ISCSI_STATUS_TARGET_ERROR :
                switch ( status_detail ) {
                case ISCSI_STATUS_TARGET_ERROR_UNAVAILABLE:
                        return -EIO_TARGET_UNAVAILABLE;
                case ISCSI_STATUS_TARGET_ERROR_NO_RESOURCES:
                        return -EIO_TARGET_NO_RESOURCES;
                default:
                        return -ENOTSUP_TARGET_STATUS;
                }
        default :
                return -EINVAL;
        }
}
 
/**
 * Receive data segment of an iSCSI login response PDU
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v data              Received data
 * @v len               Length of received data
 * @v remaining         Data remaining after this data
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_rx_login_response ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                                     const void *data, size_t len,
                                     size_t remaining ) {
        struct iscsi_bhs_login_response *response
                = &iscsi->rx_bhs.login_response;
        int rc;
 
        /* Buffer up the PDU data */
        if ( ( rc = iscsi_rx_buffered_data ( iscsi, data, len ) ) != 0 ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p could not buffer login response: %s\n",
                       iscsi, strerror ( rc ) );
                return rc;
        }
        if ( remaining )
                return 0;
 
        /* Process string data and discard string buffer */
        if ( ( rc = iscsi_handle_strings ( iscsi, iscsi->rx_buffer,
                                           iscsi->rx_len ) ) != 0 )
                return rc;
        iscsi_rx_buffered_data_done ( iscsi );
 
        /* Check for login redirection */
        if ( response->status_class == ISCSI_STATUS_REDIRECT ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p redirecting to new server\n", iscsi );
                iscsi_close_connection ( iscsi, 0 );
                if ( ( rc = iscsi_open_connection ( iscsi ) ) != 0 ) {
                        DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p could not redirect: %s\n ",
                               iscsi, strerror ( rc ) );
                        return rc;
                }
                return 0;
        }
 
        /* Check for fatal errors */
        if ( response->status_class != 0 ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI login failure: class %02x detail %02x\n",
                       response->status_class, response->status_detail );
                rc = iscsi_status_to_rc ( response->status_class,
                                          response->status_detail );
                return rc;
        }
 
        /* Handle login transitions */
        if ( response->flags & ISCSI_LOGIN_FLAG_TRANSITION ) {
                iscsi->status &= ~( ISCSI_STATUS_PHASE_MASK |
                                    ISCSI_STATUS_STRINGS_MASK );
                switch ( response->flags & ISCSI_LOGIN_NSG_MASK ) {
                case ISCSI_LOGIN_NSG_OPERATIONAL_NEGOTIATION:
                        iscsi->status |=
                                ( ISCSI_STATUS_OPERATIONAL_NEGOTIATION_PHASE |
                                  ISCSI_STATUS_STRINGS_OPERATIONAL );
                        break;
                case ISCSI_LOGIN_NSG_FULL_FEATURE_PHASE:
                        iscsi->status |= ISCSI_STATUS_FULL_FEATURE_PHASE;
                        break;
                default:
                        DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p got invalid response flags "
                               "%02x\n", iscsi, response->flags );
                        return -EIO;
                }
        }
 
        /* Send next login request PDU if we haven't reached the full
         * feature phase yet.
         */
        if ( ( iscsi->status & ISCSI_STATUS_PHASE_MASK ) !=
             ISCSI_STATUS_FULL_FEATURE_PHASE ) {
                iscsi_start_login ( iscsi );
                return 0;
        }
 
        /* Check that target authentication was successful (if required) */
        if ( ( iscsi->status & ISCSI_STATUS_AUTH_REVERSE_REQUIRED ) &&
             ! ( iscsi->status & ISCSI_STATUS_AUTH_REVERSE_OK ) ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p nefarious target tried to bypass "
                       "authentication\n", iscsi );
                return -EPROTO;
        }
 
        /* Notify SCSI layer of window change */
        DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p entering full feature phase\n", iscsi );
        xfer_window_changed ( &iscsi->control );
 
        return 0;
}
 
/****************************************************************************
 *
 * iSCSI to socket interface
 *
 */
 
/**
 * Pause TX engine
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 */
static void iscsi_tx_pause ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi ) {
        process_del ( &iscsi->process );
}
 
/**
 * Resume TX engine
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 */
static void iscsi_tx_resume ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi ) {
        process_add ( &iscsi->process );
}
 
/**
 * Start up a new TX PDU
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 *
 * This initiates the process of sending a new PDU.  Only one PDU may
 * be in transit at any one time.
 */
static void iscsi_start_tx ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi ) {
 
        assert ( iscsi->tx_state == ISCSI_TX_IDLE );
 
        /* Initialise TX BHS */
        memset ( &iscsi->tx_bhs, 0, sizeof ( iscsi->tx_bhs ) );
 
        /* Flag TX engine to start transmitting */
        iscsi->tx_state = ISCSI_TX_BHS;
 
        /* Start transmission process */
        iscsi_tx_resume ( iscsi );
}
 
/**
 * Transmit nothing
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_tx_nothing ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi __unused ) {
        return 0;
}
 
/**
 * Transmit basic header segment of an iSCSI PDU
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_tx_bhs ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi ) {
        return xfer_deliver_raw ( &iscsi->socket,  &iscsi->tx_bhs,
                                  sizeof ( iscsi->tx_bhs ) );
}
 
/**
 * Transmit data segment of an iSCSI PDU
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 * 
 * Handle transmission of part of a PDU data segment.  iscsi::tx_bhs
 * will be valid when this is called.
 */
static int iscsi_tx_data ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi ) {
        struct iscsi_bhs_common *common = &iscsi->tx_bhs.common;
 
        switch ( common->opcode & ISCSI_OPCODE_MASK ) {
        case ISCSI_OPCODE_DATA_OUT:
                return iscsi_tx_data_out ( iscsi );
        case ISCSI_OPCODE_LOGIN_REQUEST:
                return iscsi_tx_login_request ( iscsi );
        default:
                /* Nothing to send in other states */
                return 0;
        }
}
 
/**
 * Complete iSCSI PDU transmission
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 *
 * Called when a PDU has been completely transmitted and the TX state
 * machine is about to enter the idle state.  iscsi::tx_bhs will be
 * valid for the just-completed PDU when this is called.
 */
static void iscsi_tx_done ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi ) {
        struct iscsi_bhs_common *common = &iscsi->tx_bhs.common;
 
        /* Stop transmission process */
        iscsi_tx_pause ( iscsi );
 
        switch ( common->opcode & ISCSI_OPCODE_MASK ) {
        case ISCSI_OPCODE_DATA_OUT:
                iscsi_data_out_done ( iscsi );
                break;
        case ISCSI_OPCODE_LOGIN_REQUEST:
                iscsi_login_request_done ( iscsi );
                break;
        default:
                /* No action */
                break;
        }
}
 
/**
 * Transmit iSCSI PDU
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v buf               Temporary data buffer
 * @v len               Length of temporary data buffer
 * 
 * Constructs data to be sent for the current TX state
 */
static void iscsi_tx_step ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi ) {
        struct iscsi_bhs_common *common = &iscsi->tx_bhs.common;
        int ( * tx ) ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi );
        enum iscsi_tx_state next_state;
        size_t tx_len;
        int rc;
 
        /* Select fragment to transmit */
        while ( 1 ) {
                switch ( iscsi->tx_state ) {
                case ISCSI_TX_BHS:
                        tx = iscsi_tx_bhs;
                        tx_len = sizeof ( iscsi->tx_bhs );
                        next_state = ISCSI_TX_AHS;
                        break;
                case ISCSI_TX_AHS:
                        tx = iscsi_tx_nothing;
                        tx_len = 0;
                        next_state = ISCSI_TX_DATA;
                        break;
                case ISCSI_TX_DATA:
                        tx = iscsi_tx_data;
                        tx_len = ISCSI_DATA_LEN ( common->lengths );
                        next_state = ISCSI_TX_IDLE;
                        break;
                case ISCSI_TX_IDLE:
                        /* Nothing to do; pause processing */
                        iscsi_tx_pause ( iscsi );
                        return;
                default:
                        assert ( 0 );
                        return;
                }
 
                /* Check for window availability, if needed */
                if ( tx_len && ( xfer_window ( &iscsi->socket ) == 0 ) ) {
                        /* Cannot transmit at this point; pause
                         * processing and wait for window to reopen
                         */
                        iscsi_tx_pause ( iscsi );
                        return;
                }
 
                /* Transmit data */
                if ( ( rc = tx ( iscsi ) ) != 0 ) {
                        DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p could not transmit: %s\n",
                               iscsi, strerror ( rc ) );
                        /* Transmission errors are fatal */
                        iscsi_close ( iscsi, rc );
                        return;
                }
 
                /* Move to next state */
                iscsi->tx_state = next_state;
 
                /* If we have moved to the idle state, mark
                 * transmission as complete
                 */
                if ( iscsi->tx_state == ISCSI_TX_IDLE )
                        iscsi_tx_done ( iscsi );
        }
}
 
/** iSCSI TX process descriptor */
static struct process_descriptor iscsi_process_desc =
        PROC_DESC ( struct iscsi_session, process, iscsi_tx_step );
 
/**
 * Receive basic header segment of an iSCSI PDU
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v data              Received data
 * @v len               Length of received data
 * @v remaining         Data remaining after this data
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 *
 * This fills in iscsi::rx_bhs with the data from the BHS portion of
 * the received PDU.
 */
static int iscsi_rx_bhs ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi, const void *data,
                          size_t len, size_t remaining __unused ) {
        memcpy ( &iscsi->rx_bhs.bytes[iscsi->rx_offset], data, len );
        if ( ( iscsi->rx_offset + len ) >= sizeof ( iscsi->rx_bhs ) ) {
                DBGC2 ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p received PDU opcode %#x len %#x\n",
                        iscsi, iscsi->rx_bhs.common.opcode,
                        ISCSI_DATA_LEN ( iscsi->rx_bhs.common.lengths ) );
        }
        return 0;
}
 
/**
 * Discard portion of an iSCSI PDU.
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v data              Received data
 * @v len               Length of received data
 * @v remaining         Data remaining after this data
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 *
 * This discards data from a portion of a received PDU.
 */
static int iscsi_rx_discard ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi __unused,
                              const void *data __unused, size_t len __unused,
                              size_t remaining __unused ) {
        /* Do nothing */
        return 0;
}
 
/**
 * Receive data segment of an iSCSI PDU
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v data              Received data
 * @v len               Length of received data
 * @v remaining         Data remaining after this data
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 *
 * Handle processing of part of a PDU data segment.  iscsi::rx_bhs
 * will be valid when this is called.
 */
static int iscsi_rx_data ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi, const void *data,
                           size_t len, size_t remaining ) {
        struct iscsi_bhs_common_response *response
                = &iscsi->rx_bhs.common_response;
 
        /* Update cmdsn and statsn */
        iscsi->cmdsn = ntohl ( response->expcmdsn );
        iscsi->statsn = ntohl ( response->statsn );
 
        switch ( response->opcode & ISCSI_OPCODE_MASK ) {
        case ISCSI_OPCODE_LOGIN_RESPONSE:
                return iscsi_rx_login_response ( iscsi, data, len, remaining );
        case ISCSI_OPCODE_SCSI_RESPONSE:
                return iscsi_rx_scsi_response ( iscsi, data, len, remaining );
        case ISCSI_OPCODE_DATA_IN:
                return iscsi_rx_data_in ( iscsi, data, len, remaining );
        case ISCSI_OPCODE_R2T:
                return iscsi_rx_r2t ( iscsi, data, len, remaining );
        case ISCSI_OPCODE_NOP_IN:
                return iscsi_rx_nop_in ( iscsi, data, len, remaining );
        default:
                if ( remaining )
                        return 0;
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p unknown opcode %02x\n", iscsi,
                       response->opcode );
                return -ENOTSUP_OPCODE;
        }
}
 
/**
 * Receive new data
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v iobuf             I/O buffer
 * @v meta              Data transfer metadata
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 *
 * This handles received PDUs.  The receive strategy is to fill in
 * iscsi::rx_bhs with the contents of the BHS portion of the PDU,
 * throw away any AHS portion, and then process each part of the data
 * portion as it arrives.  The data processing routine therefore
 * always has a full copy of the BHS available, even for portions of
 * the data in different packets to the BHS.
 */
static int iscsi_socket_deliver ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                                  struct io_buffer *iobuf,
                                  struct xfer_metadata *meta __unused ) {
        struct iscsi_bhs_common *common = &iscsi->rx_bhs.common;
        int ( * rx ) ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi, const void *data,
                       size_t len, size_t remaining );
        enum iscsi_rx_state next_state;
        size_t frag_len;
        size_t remaining;
        int rc;
 
        while ( 1 ) {
                switch ( iscsi->rx_state ) {
                case ISCSI_RX_BHS:
                        rx = iscsi_rx_bhs;
                        iscsi->rx_len = sizeof ( iscsi->rx_bhs );
                        next_state = ISCSI_RX_AHS;                  
                        break;
                case ISCSI_RX_AHS:
                        rx = iscsi_rx_discard;
                        iscsi->rx_len = 4 * ISCSI_AHS_LEN ( common->lengths );
                        next_state = ISCSI_RX_DATA;
                        break;
                case ISCSI_RX_DATA:
                        rx = iscsi_rx_data;
                        iscsi->rx_len = ISCSI_DATA_LEN ( common->lengths );
                        next_state = ISCSI_RX_DATA_PADDING;
                        break;
                case ISCSI_RX_DATA_PADDING:
                        rx = iscsi_rx_discard;
                        iscsi->rx_len = ISCSI_DATA_PAD_LEN ( common->lengths );
                        next_state = ISCSI_RX_BHS;
                        break;
                default:
                        assert ( 0 );
                        rc = -EINVAL;
                        goto done;
                }
 
                frag_len = iscsi->rx_len - iscsi->rx_offset;
                if ( frag_len > iob_len ( iobuf ) )
                        frag_len = iob_len ( iobuf );
                remaining = iscsi->rx_len - iscsi->rx_offset - frag_len;
                if ( ( rc = rx ( iscsi, iobuf->data, frag_len,
                                 remaining ) ) != 0 ) {
                        DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p could not process received "
                               "data: %s\n", iscsi, strerror ( rc ) );
                        goto done;
                }
 
                iscsi->rx_offset += frag_len;
                iob_pull ( iobuf, frag_len );
 
                /* If all the data for this state has not yet been
                 * received, stay in this state for now.
                 */
                if ( iscsi->rx_offset != iscsi->rx_len ) {
                        rc = 0;
                        goto done;
                }
 
                iscsi->rx_state = next_state;
                iscsi->rx_offset = 0;
        }
 
 done:
        /* Free I/O buffer */
        free_iob ( iobuf );
 
        /* Destroy session on error */
        if ( rc != 0 )
                iscsi_close ( iscsi, rc );
 
        return rc;
}
 
/**
 * Handle redirection event
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v type              Location type
 * @v args              Remaining arguments depend upon location type
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_vredirect ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi, int type,
                             va_list args ) {
        va_list tmp;
        struct sockaddr *peer;
        int rc;
 
        /* Intercept redirects to a LOCATION_SOCKET and record the IP
         * address for the iBFT.  This is a bit of a hack, but avoids
         * inventing an ioctl()-style call to retrieve the socket
         * address from a data-xfer interface.
         */
        if ( type == LOCATION_SOCKET ) {
                va_copy ( tmp, args );
                ( void ) va_arg ( tmp, int ); /* Discard "semantics" */
                peer = va_arg ( tmp, struct sockaddr * );
                memcpy ( &iscsi->target_sockaddr, peer,
                         sizeof ( iscsi->target_sockaddr ) );
                va_end ( tmp );
        }
 
        /* Redirect to new location */
        if ( ( rc = xfer_vreopen ( &iscsi->socket, type, args ) ) != 0 )
                goto err;
 
        return 0;
 
 err:
        iscsi_close ( iscsi, rc );
        return rc;
}
 
/** iSCSI socket interface operations */
static struct interface_operation iscsi_socket_operations[] = {
        INTF_OP ( xfer_deliver, struct iscsi_session *, iscsi_socket_deliver ),
        INTF_OP ( xfer_window_changed, struct iscsi_session *,
                  iscsi_tx_resume ),
        INTF_OP ( xfer_vredirect, struct iscsi_session *, iscsi_vredirect ),
        INTF_OP ( intf_close, struct iscsi_session *, iscsi_close ),
};
 
/** iSCSI socket interface descriptor */
static struct interface_descriptor iscsi_socket_desc =
        INTF_DESC ( struct iscsi_session, socket, iscsi_socket_operations );
 
/****************************************************************************
 *
 * iSCSI command issuing
 *
 */
 
/**
 * Check iSCSI flow-control window
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @ret len             Length of window
 */
static size_t iscsi_scsi_window ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi ) {
 
        if ( ( ( iscsi->status & ISCSI_STATUS_PHASE_MASK ) ==
               ISCSI_STATUS_FULL_FEATURE_PHASE ) &&
             ( iscsi->command == NULL ) ) {
                /* We cannot handle concurrent commands */
                return 1;
        } else {
                return 0;
        }
}
 
/**
 * Issue iSCSI SCSI command
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v parent            Parent interface
 * @v command           SCSI command
 * @ret tag             Command tag, or negative error
 */
static int iscsi_scsi_command ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                                struct interface *parent,
                                struct scsi_cmd *command ) {
 
        /* This iSCSI implementation cannot handle multiple concurrent
         * commands or commands arriving before login is complete.
         */
        if ( iscsi_scsi_window ( iscsi ) == 0 ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p cannot handle concurrent commands\n",
                       iscsi );
                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
        }
 
        /* Store command */
        iscsi->command = malloc ( sizeof ( *command ) );
        if ( ! iscsi->command )
                return -ENOMEM;
        memcpy ( iscsi->command, command, sizeof ( *command ) );
 
        /* Assign new ITT */
        iscsi_new_itt ( iscsi );
 
        /* Start sending command */
        iscsi_start_command ( iscsi );
 
        /* Attach to parent interface and return */
        intf_plug_plug ( &iscsi->data, parent );
        return iscsi->itt;
}
 
/**
 * Update SCSI block device capacity
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v capacity          Block device capacity
 */
static void iscsi_scsi_capacity ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                                  struct block_device_capacity *capacity ) {
        unsigned int max_count;
 
        /* Limit maximum number of blocks per transfer to fit MaxBurstLength */
        if ( capacity->blksize ) {
                max_count = ( iscsi->max_burst_len / capacity->blksize );
                if ( max_count < capacity->max_count )
                        capacity->max_count = max_count;
        }
}
 
/**
 * Get iSCSI ACPI descriptor
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @ret desc            ACPI descriptor
 */
static struct acpi_descriptor * iscsi_describe ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi ) {
 
        return &iscsi->desc;
}
 
/** iSCSI SCSI command-issuing interface operations */
static struct interface_operation iscsi_control_op[] = {
        INTF_OP ( scsi_command, struct iscsi_session *, iscsi_scsi_command ),
        INTF_OP ( xfer_window, struct iscsi_session *, iscsi_scsi_window ),
        INTF_OP ( block_capacity, struct iscsi_session *, iscsi_scsi_capacity ),
        INTF_OP ( intf_close, struct iscsi_session *, iscsi_close ),
        INTF_OP ( acpi_describe, struct iscsi_session *, iscsi_describe ),
        EFI_INTF_OP ( efi_describe, struct iscsi_session *, efi_iscsi_path ),
};
 
/** iSCSI SCSI command-issuing interface descriptor */
static struct interface_descriptor iscsi_control_desc =
        INTF_DESC ( struct iscsi_session, control, iscsi_control_op );
 
/**
 * Close iSCSI command
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v rc                Reason for close
 */
static void iscsi_command_close ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi, int rc ) {
 
        /* Restart interface */
        intf_restart ( &iscsi->data, rc );
 
        /* Treat unsolicited command closures mid-command as fatal,
         * because we have no code to handle partially-completed PDUs.
         */
        if ( iscsi->command != NULL )
                iscsi_close ( iscsi, ( ( rc == 0 ) ? -ECANCELED : rc ) );
}
 
/** iSCSI SCSI command interface operations */
static struct interface_operation iscsi_data_op[] = {
        INTF_OP ( intf_close, struct iscsi_session *, iscsi_command_close ),
};
 
/** iSCSI SCSI command interface descriptor */
static struct interface_descriptor iscsi_data_desc =
        INTF_DESC ( struct iscsi_session, data, iscsi_data_op );
 
/****************************************************************************
 *
 * Instantiator
 *
 */
 
/** iSCSI root path components (as per RFC4173) */
enum iscsi_root_path_component {
        RP_SERVERNAME = 0,
        RP_PROTOCOL,
        RP_PORT,
        RP_LUN,
        RP_TARGETNAME,
        NUM_RP_COMPONENTS
};
 
/** iSCSI initiator IQN setting */
const struct setting initiator_iqn_setting __setting ( SETTING_SANBOOT_EXTRA,
                                                       initiator-iqn ) = {
        .name = "initiator-iqn",
        .description = "iSCSI initiator name",
        .tag = DHCP_ISCSI_INITIATOR_IQN,
        .type = &setting_type_string,
};
 
/** iSCSI reverse username setting */
const struct setting reverse_username_setting __setting ( SETTING_AUTH_EXTRA,
                                                          reverse-username ) = {
        .name = "reverse-username",
        .description = "Reverse user name",
        .tag = DHCP_EB_REVERSE_USERNAME,
        .type = &setting_type_string,
};
 
/** iSCSI reverse password setting */
const struct setting reverse_password_setting __setting ( SETTING_AUTH_EXTRA,
                                                          reverse-password ) = {
        .name = "reverse-password",
        .description = "Reverse password",
        .tag = DHCP_EB_REVERSE_PASSWORD,
        .type = &setting_type_string,
};
 
/**
 * Parse iSCSI root path
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @v root_path         iSCSI root path (as per RFC4173)
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_parse_root_path ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi,
                                   const char *root_path ) {
        char *rp_copy;
        char *rp_comp[NUM_RP_COMPONENTS];
        char *rp;
        int skip = 0;
        int i = 0;
        int rc;
 
        /* Create modifiable copy of root path */
        rp_copy = strdup ( root_path );
        if ( ! rp_copy ) {
                rc = -ENOMEM;
                goto err_strdup;
        }
        rp = rp_copy;
 
        /* Split root path into component parts */
        while ( 1 ) {
                rp_comp[i++] = rp;
                if ( i == NUM_RP_COMPONENTS )
                        break;
                for ( ; ( ( *rp != ':' ) || skip ) ; rp++ ) {
                        if ( ! *rp ) {
                                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p root path \"%s\" "
                                       "too short\n", iscsi, root_path );
                                rc = -EINVAL_ROOT_PATH_TOO_SHORT;
                                goto err_split;
                        } else if ( *rp == '[' ) {
                                skip = 1;
                        } else if ( *rp == ']' ) {
                                skip = 0;
                        }
                }
                *(rp++) = '\0';
        }
 
        /* Use root path components to configure iSCSI session */
        iscsi->target_address = strdup ( rp_comp[RP_SERVERNAME] );
        if ( ! iscsi->target_address ) {
                rc = -ENOMEM;
                goto err_servername;
        }
        iscsi->target_port = strtoul ( rp_comp[RP_PORT], NULL, 10 );
        if ( ! iscsi->target_port )
                iscsi->target_port = ISCSI_PORT;
        if ( ( rc = scsi_parse_lun ( rp_comp[RP_LUN], &iscsi->lun ) ) != 0 ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p invalid LUN \"%s\"\n",
                       iscsi, rp_comp[RP_LUN] );
                goto err_lun;
        }
        iscsi->target_iqn = strdup ( rp_comp[RP_TARGETNAME] );
        if ( ! iscsi->target_iqn ) {
                rc = -ENOMEM;
                goto err_targetname;
        }
 
 err_targetname:
 err_lun:
 err_servername:
 err_split:
        free ( rp_copy );
 err_strdup:
        return rc;
}
 
/**
 * Fetch iSCSI settings
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_fetch_settings ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi ) {
        char *hostname;
        union uuid uuid;
        int len;
 
        /* Fetch relevant settings.  Don't worry about freeing on
         * error, since iscsi_free() will take care of that anyway.
         */
        fetch_string_setting_copy ( NULL, &username_setting,
                                    &iscsi->initiator_username );
        fetch_string_setting_copy ( NULL, &password_setting,
                                    &iscsi->initiator_password );
        fetch_string_setting_copy ( NULL, &reverse_username_setting,
                                    &iscsi->target_username );
        fetch_string_setting_copy ( NULL, &reverse_password_setting,
                                    &iscsi->target_password );
 
        /* Use explicit initiator IQN if provided */
        fetch_string_setting_copy ( NULL, &initiator_iqn_setting,
                                    &iscsi->initiator_iqn );
        if ( iscsi->initiator_iqn )
                return 0;
 
        /* Otherwise, try to construct an initiator IQN from the hostname */
        fetch_string_setting_copy ( NULL, &hostname_setting, &hostname );
        if ( hostname ) {
                len = asprintf ( &iscsi->initiator_iqn,
                                 ISCSI_DEFAULT_IQN_PREFIX ":%s", hostname );
                free ( hostname );
                if ( len < 0 ) {
                        DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p could not allocate initiator "
                               "IQN\n", iscsi );
                        return -ENOMEM;
                }
                assert ( iscsi->initiator_iqn );
                return 0;
        }
 
        /* Otherwise, try to construct an initiator IQN from the UUID */
        if ( ( len = fetch_uuid_setting ( NULL, &uuid_setting, &uuid ) ) < 0 ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p has no suitable initiator IQN\n",
                       iscsi );
                return -EINVAL_NO_INITIATOR_IQN;
        }
        if ( ( len = asprintf ( &iscsi->initiator_iqn,
                                ISCSI_DEFAULT_IQN_PREFIX ":%s",
                                uuid_ntoa ( &uuid ) ) ) < 0 ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p could not allocate initiator IQN\n",
                       iscsi );
                return -ENOMEM;
        }
        assert ( iscsi->initiator_iqn );
 
        return 0;
}
 
 
/**
 * Check iSCSI authentication details
 *
 * @v iscsi             iSCSI session
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_check_auth ( struct iscsi_session *iscsi ) {
 
        /* Check for invalid authentication combinations */
        if ( ( /* Initiator username without password (or vice-versa) */
                ( !! iscsi->initiator_username ) ^
                ( !! iscsi->initiator_password ) ) ||
             ( /* Target username without password (or vice-versa) */
                ( !! iscsi->target_username ) ^
                ( !! iscsi->target_password ) ) ||
             ( /* Target (reverse) without initiator (forward) */
                ( iscsi->target_username &&
                  ( ! iscsi->initiator_username ) ) ) ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p invalid credentials: initiator "
                       "%sname,%spw, target %sname,%spw\n", iscsi,
                       ( iscsi->initiator_username ? "" : "no " ),
                       ( iscsi->initiator_password ? "" : "no " ),
                       ( iscsi->target_username ? "" : "no " ),
                       ( iscsi->target_password ? "" : "no " ) );
                return -EINVAL_BAD_CREDENTIAL_MIX;
        }
 
        return 0;
}
 
/**
 * Open iSCSI URI
 *
 * @v parent            Parent interface
 * @v uri               URI
 * @ret rc              Return status code
 */
static int iscsi_open ( struct interface *parent, struct uri *uri ) {
        struct iscsi_session *iscsi;
        int rc;
 
        /* Sanity check */
        if ( ! uri->opaque ) {
                rc = -EINVAL_NO_ROOT_PATH;
                goto err_sanity_uri;
        }
 
        /* Allocate and initialise structure */
        iscsi = zalloc ( sizeof ( *iscsi ) );
        if ( ! iscsi ) {
                rc = -ENOMEM;
                goto err_zalloc;
        }
        ref_init ( &iscsi->refcnt, iscsi_free );
        intf_init ( &iscsi->control, &iscsi_control_desc, &iscsi->refcnt );
        intf_init ( &iscsi->data, &iscsi_data_desc, &iscsi->refcnt );
        intf_init ( &iscsi->socket, &iscsi_socket_desc, &iscsi->refcnt );
        process_init_stopped ( &iscsi->process, &iscsi_process_desc,
                               &iscsi->refcnt );
        acpi_init ( &iscsi->desc, &ibft_model, &iscsi->refcnt );
 
        /* Parse root path */
        if ( ( rc = iscsi_parse_root_path ( iscsi, uri->opaque ) ) != 0 )
                goto err_parse_root_path;
        /* Set fields not specified by root path */
        if ( ( rc = iscsi_fetch_settings ( iscsi ) ) != 0 )
                goto err_fetch_settings;
        /* Validate authentication */
        if ( ( rc = iscsi_check_auth ( iscsi ) ) != 0 )
                goto err_check_auth;
 
        /* Sanity checks */
        if ( ! iscsi->target_address ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p does not yet support discovery\n",
                       iscsi );
                rc = -ENOTSUP_DISCOVERY;
                goto err_sanity_address;
        }
        if ( ! iscsi->target_iqn ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p no target address supplied in %s\n",
                       iscsi, uri->opaque );
                rc = -EINVAL_NO_TARGET_IQN;
                goto err_sanity_iqn;
        }
        DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p initiator %s\n",iscsi, iscsi->initiator_iqn );
        DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p target %s %s\n",
               iscsi, iscsi->target_address, iscsi->target_iqn );
 
        /* Open socket */
        if ( ( rc = iscsi_open_connection ( iscsi ) ) != 0 )
                goto err_open_connection;
 
        /* Attach SCSI device to parent interface */
        if ( ( rc = scsi_open ( parent, &iscsi->control,
                                &iscsi->lun ) ) != 0 ) {
                DBGC ( iscsi, "iSCSI %p could not create SCSI device: %s\n",
                       iscsi, strerror ( rc ) );
                goto err_scsi_open;
        }
 
        /* Mortalise self, and return */
        ref_put ( &iscsi->refcnt );
        return 0;
        
 err_scsi_open:
 err_open_connection:
 err_sanity_iqn:
 err_sanity_address:
 err_check_auth:
 err_fetch_settings:
 err_parse_root_path:
        iscsi_close ( iscsi, rc );
        ref_put ( &iscsi->refcnt );
 err_zalloc:
 err_sanity_uri:
        return rc;
}
 
/** iSCSI URI opener */
struct uri_opener iscsi_uri_opener __uri_opener = {
        .scheme = "iscsi",
        .open = iscsi_open,
};